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Voting History: The Real Reason the Electoral College Exists | Time
After all, state governors in all 50 states are elected by popular vote; why not do the same for the governor of all states, a. the president? The quirks of the Electoral College system were exposed in when Donald Trump secured the presidency with an Electoral College majority, electoral college essay, even electoral college essay Hillary Clinton took a narrow lead in the popular vote.
Some claim that the founding fathers chose the Electoral College over direct election in order to balance the interests of high-population and low-population states. But the deepest political divisions in America have always run not between big and small states, but between the north and the south, and between the coasts and the interior. One Founding-era argument for the Electoral College stemmed from the fact that ordinary Americans across a vast continent would lack sufficient information to choose directly and intelligently among leading presidential candidates.
This objection rang true in the s, electoral college essay, when life was far more local. But the early emergence of national presidential parties rendered the objection obsolete by linking presidential candidates to slates of local candidates and national platforms, electoral college essay explained to voters who stood for what.
Although the Philadelphia framers did not anticipate the rise of a system of national presidential parties, the 12th Amendment—proposed in and ratified a year later— was framed with such a party system in mind, in the aftermath of the election of In that election, two rudimentary presidential parties—Federalists led by John Adams and Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson—took shape and squared off.
In particular, Republican electors had no formal way to designate that they wanted Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for vice president rather than vice versa. Some politicians then tried to exploit the resulting confusion. Enter the 12th Amendment, which allowed each party to designate one candidate for president and a separate candidate for vice president. Standard civics-class accounts of the Electoral College rarely mention the real demon dooming direct national election in and slavery.
At the Philadelphia convention, electoral college essay, the visionary Pennsylvanian James Wilson proposed direct national election of the president. But the Electoral College—a prototype of which Madison proposed in this same speech—instead let each southern state count its slaves, albeit with a two-fifths discount, in computing its share of the overall count. Get your history fix in one place: sign up for the weekly TIME History newsletter.
Virginia emerged as the big winner—the California of the Founding era—with 12 out of a total of 91 electoral votes allocated by the Philadelphia Constitution, more than a quarter of the 46 needed to win an election in the first round.
Perversely, the more slaves Electoral college essay or any other slave state bought or bred, the more electoral votes it would receive. Were a slave state to free any blacks who then moved North, the state could actually lose electoral votes.
Southerner Thomas Jefferson, for example, won the election of against Northerner John Adams in a race where the slavery-skew of the electoral college was the decisive margin of victory: without the extra electoral college votes generated by slavery, the mostly southern states that supported Jefferson would not have sufficed to give him a majority. As pointed observers remarked at the time, Thomas Jefferson metaphorically rode into the executive mansion on the backs of slaves.
The contest between Adams and Jefferson had featured an even sharper division between northern states and southern states. Once again, the North caved to the South by refusing to insist on direct national election. In light of this more complete if less flattering account of the electoral college electoral college essay the late 18th and early 19th century, electoral college essay, Americans should ask themselves whether we want to maintain this odd—dare I say peculiar?
Akhil Reed Amar teaches constitutional law at Yale University. This essay borrows from his recently published book, The Constitution Today. Thomas Jefferson is not among those depicted. Contact us at letters time, electoral college essay. History politics The Troubling Reason the Electoral College Exists. By Akhil Reed Amar. Updated: October 29, AM EDT Originally published: November electoral college essay, AM EST.
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Do You Understand the Electoral College?
, time: 5:035 Reasons to Keep the Electoral College - Electoral Vote Map
The Heritage Foundation published an essay in that, among other arguments, presented the Electoral College as a firewall against fraud. In the current system, a small number of fraudulent votes have no impact on the outcome of a presidential election Jun 09, · MADISON – Connor Wasik penned an essay, “In Defense of the Electoral College” and won the Madison Republican Committee’s Scholarship Impressive college essay is a dream of both future student and admission committee. Without any delays or questions, such a work would allow a person who created it be admitted to college immediately. But truth be told, less than 1% of all works are truly remarkable and admirable
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